Understanding ADHD
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that can affect a person’s
ability to manage attention, impulses, activity levels and everyday
responsibilities. It is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions, and
it can affect children, adolescents and adults alike. Despite its prevalence,
ADHD is often misunderstood, with myths suggesting that it is simply a lack of
discipline or a product of too much screen time.
ADHD
usually begins in childhood, although symptoms can continue into adolescence
and adulthood. It can affect learning, work, relationships and daily
functioning, but it does not define a person’s intelligence, character or
potential. Understanding what ADHD is, and what it is not, is the first step towards
accessing the right support.
Common
Signs of ADHD
ADHD
presents differently from one person to another. Its symptoms generally fall
into three areas: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattention may
include difficulty maintaining attention, being easily distracted, frequently
losing or misplacing things, and struggling to follow through on tasks.
Forgetfulness, difficulty organising and managing time, and procrastination or
difficulty starting tasks are also common.
Hyperactivity
and impulsivity may include restlessness or difficulty sitting still, a feeling
of constantly being on the go, and talking excessively. Some people find it
difficult to wait their turn, interrupt conversations or activities, or act
before considering the consequences. Not everyone with ADHD experiences every
symptom, and the way ADHD presents may change with age. In adults, restlessness
may become an inner sense of unease, and the focus may shift to organisation,
time management and emotional regulation.
Attention
That Is Not Simply Absent
One
of the more surprising features of ADHD is that people may be able to
concentrate intensely on activities that are particularly interesting or
stimulating, while struggling to maintain attention on tasks that feel routine.
This pattern is sometimes described as hyperfocus. It can make ADHD confusing
to observe, because the same person may appear to be entirely absorbed in one
thing and completely unable to focus on another.
ADHD
also affects what are known as executive functions. These are the skills
involved in planning, organising, managing time, regulating emotions and
completing tasks. When executive functions are under strain, everyday
responsibilities such as paying bills, keeping appointments or finishing
schoolwork can become genuinely difficult, even for people who are intelligent
and motivated.
Recognising
Individual Strengths
Every
individual has a different combination of strengths and challenges. Many people
with ADHD describe themselves as creative, energetic, spontaneous and able to
approach problems from unusual angles. Their enthusiasm and willingness to take
on new ideas can be a real asset in the right environment. The goal of support
is not to change who someone is, but to help them understand how their brain works,
manage the areas of difficulty and build on their strengths.
When
ADHD Becomes a Challenge
Without
appropriate recognition and support, ADHD can affect academic performance, work
and productivity, relationships, time management and self-esteem. It can also
affect emotional wellbeing and decision-making, sometimes leading to
risk-taking. Many people with ADHD spend years feeling that they are lazy or
careless, despite working very hard, and this can cause real emotional harm.
Recognising ADHD allows that narrative to change.
ADHD
may occur alongside other mental health or developmental conditions, including
anxiety, depression, learning difficulties and sleep problems. This is one
reason why a comprehensive professional assessment is so important.
Assessment
and Treatment
ADHD
cannot be diagnosed simply because someone is distracted, energetic or
forgetful, since many people have these experiences from time to time.
Diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment by an appropriately qualified
healthcare professional. This considers the person’s symptoms, their
developmental history and how these difficulties affect their everyday
functioning across different settings, such as home, school and work.
Depending
on individual needs, management may include psychological and behavioural
interventions, practical strategies for organisation and time management, and
support for parents and families. School or workplace accommodations can make a
significant difference, and medication may be considered when clinically appropriate.
Support for any co-occurring mental health conditions is also important. The
best outcomes usually come from combining several of these approaches and
tailoring them to the individual.
Living
Well With ADHD
With
the right understanding, treatment and support, children and adults with ADHD
can learn effectively, build successful relationships, thrive professionally
and lead fulfilling lives. Many people find that once they understand their
brain, they can design their routines, environments and relationships in ways
that work with their strengths rather than against them.
At
Chiromo Hospital Group, we provide professional assessment and individualised
mental health support for children, adolescents and adults living with ADHD and
other mental health or neurodevelopmental challenges. ADHD may present real
challenges, but it does not define a person’s ability or potential, and support
is available to help them thrive.
Where to
Find Help
If
you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call the Chiromo Hospital Group
Emergency Line at +254 203 971 000, or come to the nearest Chiromo Hospital
Group facility.
CHG Support
• Call Emergency Line +254 203 971 000
